Reducing carbon transaction costs in community-based forest management
نویسندگان
چکیده
منابع مشابه
Transaction Management: Value Creation by Reducing Transaction Costs
In this era of globalization we see an increase in specialization: the production chain is split up in more and more parts and the production of these parts is outsourced to those places in the world where production is relatively the cheapest and most efficient. This implies that transaction costs, associated with the coordination of production and trade in parts and components, become increas...
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Reduced Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD+) has received strong support as a major component of future global climate change policy. The financial mechanism of REDD+ is payment for the ecosystem service of carbon sequestration in tropical forests that is expected to create incentives for conservation of forest cover and condition. However, the costs of achieving emission...
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Understanding the necessity of establishing a bank in Iran requires a correct realizing of the mechanism of the money market in an era in which banks had no place or position. At that time distrusting on the borrower credits, lack of reliable information about the number and place of lenders, rising interest rates and the prevalence of high- interest borrowing were some of the costs that transa...
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This paper develops a continuous time risk-sensitive portfolio optimization model with a general transaction cost structure and where the individual securities or asset categories are explicitly affected by underlying economic factors. The security prices and factors follow diffusion processes with the drift and diffusion coefficients for the securities being functions of the factor levels. We ...
متن کاملDynamic portfolio management with transaction costs
We develop a recurrent reinforcement learning (RRL) system that directly induces portfolio management policies from time series of asset prices and indicators, while accounting for transaction costs. The RRL approach learns a direct mapping from indicator series to portfolio weights, bypassing the need to explicitly model the time series of price returns. The resulting policies dynamically opti...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Climate Policy
سال: 2005
ISSN: 1469-3062,1752-7457
DOI: 10.3763/cpol.2005.0533